Tree Pruning Basics

Tree pruning is the removal of branches and limbs from a tree to reduce the risk of damage from storms, to remove dead or diseased branches, and to encourage the growth of new, healthy limbs. Proper pruning techniques will also help the tree retain its natural form, and can improve airflow around the tree, which may prevent disease and insect infestation. It is important to prune trees correctly, especially large evergreens and shade trees, so they are not weakened by improper cuts or over-pruning.

When to prune

It is best to trim a tree when it is young, before the onset of heavy growth. This will promote plant vigor and help the tree develop strong roots and aboveground parts. Pruning can be done any time of year, but late winter or early spring is the preferred time to initiate a pruning program. This will ensure that the cuts made are well into dormancy, minimizing the risk of disease and pests in the open wounds.

When to thin

Most deciduous (leaf-shedding) trees benefit from some form of thinning, a practice that reduces the canopy size while maintaining the health and shape of the tree. Thinning is accomplished by removing lower branches that are either heading back into the tree, rubbing, or attached at narrow angles. In addition, thinning removes suckers and water sprouts, which are vigorous shoot growth that can detract from the appearance of the tree.

Thinning should be done to the point of removing about one-fourth of the canopy, but no more than this. This allows the remaining dominant branches to produce healthy foliage, while reducing wind resistance and preventing excessive weight.

Branches that are damaged or dead should be removed as soon as they are noticed. This will help minimize the spread of disease and insects, as well as prevent the potential of structural damage from a falling branch. Branches that are obstructing views or posing safety hazards should be trimmed next. This includes limbs that are hanging low or touching your house, or obstructing street or sidewalk visibility.

Spring-flowering shrubs should be pruned right AFTER they finish blooming, and woody plants that flower on old stems should be pruned in late summer or fall. This includes rhododendrons (Rhododendron spp), lilacs (Syringa spp.), dogwoods (Cornus spp.), saucer magnolias (Magnolia soulangiana), and hydrangeas (Hydrangea macrophylla, H. quercifolia). Prune these plants to the lowest permanent branch and shorten or remove any other competing upright or long branches that are more than half the diameter of the central leader.

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